INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT: NATURE AND TYPES

Abstract: today, the basis for the development and competitiveness of each economic system is innovation. The level of development of the national innovation environment creates the basis for real economic growth and is considered a prerequisite for the full participation of the state in the global division of labor. The innovation system makes it possible to increase the intensity of economic development of the state through the use of qualitative mechanisms for obtaining, transmitting and applying the results of scientific and technical activities and the actual innovative nature. Research on creating a clear and adequate understanding of the main points of innovative processes is of particular importance and relevance. This article examines the definition of the national innovation system from the point of view of the institutional approach, as well as the main institutional aspects that hinder the development of the national innovation system. The author of the article developed the structure of the national innovation system, and also considered the definition of the innovation system in the understanding of various researchers and specialists. The analysis of sources of financing of innovative activity for 2010 – 2018 in Russia was carried out, the dynamics and structure of internal expenditures on research and development by sources of financing was presented. It was assumed that the main inhibiting factor in the development of innovation is the insufficient level of education of employees at all levels of the organizational structure of the enterprise. Human capital is considered a factor in the development of innovation. The low level of enterprises’ susceptibility to innovation, as well as existing problems in the enterprise management system, were also identified as problematic issues.

Keywords: national innovation system, institutions, institutional barriers, formal barriers, informal barriers

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